LATERAL SULCUS

   Clinical significance

•     JUDGE THE INTER ARCH DISTANCE

•     AT A VERY EARLY STAGE

DENTAL GROOVE

•     *Originates in the incisive papilla

•     *Extends backwards to touch the

•     Gingival groove in the canine region &

•     Laterally to end in the molar region

      *‘u’ shaped

ANTERIOR→→EVERTED LABIALLY

*Gingival groove→demarcates lingual

Extend of gumpads

*Dental groove→from mandible to gingival

Groove in the canine region

LOWER GUMPAD

*Lateral  SULCUS→ seperates

Canine & DECIDUOUS FIRST

MOLAR SEGMENTS

PERIODS OF OCCLUSAL DEVELOPMENT

i.                 PREDENTAL JAW RELATIONSHIP(NEONATE’SMOUTH)

ii.             THE DECIDUOUS DENTITION

iii.          THE MIXED (TRANSITIONAL)

iv.          THE PERMANENT DENTITION

GUM PADS DEVELOP IN TWO PARTS:


-LABIAL PORTION (DIFFERENTIATES FIRST)

-LINGUALPORTION(DIFFERENTIATES LAST

IDEAL OCCLUSION

·      THE PERFECT INTERDIGITATION OF THE UPPER AND LOWER TEETH,WHICH ISA RESULT OF DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS CONSISTING OF THE THE THREE MAIN EVENTS, JAW GROWTH, TOOTH FORMATION AND ERUPTION.

OCCLUSION

DEFINITION

ACCORDING TO ANGLE,

THE NORMAL RELATION OF THE

OCCLUSAL INCLINED PLANES OF

THE TEETH WHEN THE JAWS ARE

CLOSED.  

DEVELOPMENT OF OCCLUSION

This is a new topic which help us to learn about development of occulusion

CONCLUSION

¨ Cavity design should be in biologic and structural harmony with the tissues of the teeth .all details of the cavity preparation should be decided according to the nature of the disease, properties of the tooth tissues and restorative material to be used

CLASS III CAVITIES

¨When the contact is open the outline is triangular with base towards the gingival aspect of the cavity

¨Gingival cavity wall is inclined occlusally to parallel the enamel rod direction

CLASS II CAVITIES

¨Due to presence of broad contact area, the gingival floor of the proximal box should be wide

¨The box should converge occlusally with the buccal and lingual wall paralleling the external tooth surface .the walls of proximal box should meet the occlusal wall in a straight line

CLASS I CAVITIES

¨Due to narrow occlusal table isthmus should not be more than 1/3^rd the intercuspal distance in the case of small carious lesion

¨The depth should not be more

 than 0.5 mm into the dentin

MODIFICATION OF CAVITY PREPARATION IN PRIMARY TEETH

   Factors to be considered while restoring primary teeth

§The smaller tooth dimension of the deciduous dentition

§The thin enamel covering the teeth

§Broad contact area

§Proximity of the pulp chamber

§Narrow occlusal table

RECENT CONCEPT

            PRINCIPLES OF RECENT CONCEPT 

    ¨Cavity design should be dictated under the site and extent of the lesion

    ¨Should not be in expectation of extending cavity out to the “caries free” area.         

    ¨Restorative material should be one that displays some degree of biological activity

FINAL PROCEDURE

¨It include removing all chips and lose debris that have accumulated ,drying the preparation and making a final complete inspection of the preparation for any remaining infected dentin or any condition that renders the preparation unacceptable to receive the restorative material.

FINISHING EXTERNAL WALLS AND MARGINS

¨It is the further development when indicated of a specific cavosurface design and degree of smoothness  that produces maximum effectiveness of the restorative material used.

SECONDARY RESISTANCE AND RETENTION FORM

¨Many preparation require additional retentive features .When the tooth preparation include both occlusal and proximal surfaces each of those area should have independent retention and resistance features

PULP PROTECTION

   ¨It is the step in adapting the preparation for receiving the final restorative material

   ¨Liners or bases is used to protect the pulp or to aid pulpal recovery

REMOVING OF ANY REMAINING INFECTED DENTIN

¨This is the elimination of any infected carious tooth structure or  faulty restorative material that is left in the tooth after tooth preparation

CONVENIENCE FORM

¨It is that shape or form of the cavity that provide for adequate observation  accessibility and ease of operation in preparing and restoring the tooth.

PRIMARY RETNTION FORM

   ¨It is that shape or form of tooth preparation that resist displacement or removal of restoration from tipping or lifting force .

    ¨Occlusal dovetail prevents tipping of the restoration by occlusal forces.

PRIMARY RESISTANCE FORM

    This is that shape and placement of cavity walls that best enables both the restoration and tooth to withstand without fracture the masticatory forces delivered principally along the long axis of the tooth.

STURDEVANT’S CLASSIFICATION

 ¨SIMPLE CAVITY: a cavity involving only one tooth surface

 ¨COMPOUND CAVITY: a cavity involving two surfaces of a tooth

 ¨COMPLEX CAVITY: a cavity that involves more than two surfaces of a tooth.

CHARBENEU’S MODIFICATION

¨CLASS II: cavities on single proximal surface of bicuspid and molars.

¨CLASS VI: cavities on both mesial and distal proximal surfaces of posterior teeth that will share a common occlusal isthmus

FINNS MODIFICATION

¨CLASS I: Pit and fissure cavities on the occlusal surface of molars and buccal and lingual pits of all teeth .

¨CLASS II:Cavities on proximal surface of posterior teeth with access established from occlusal surface

CLASSIFICATION OF CAVITY PREPARATIONS

BLACKS CLASSIFICATION

¨CLASS I:All pit and fissure lesion on occlusal surface of premolars and molars, lesion on occlusal 2/3^rd of the facial and lingual surface of molars and lesion on lingual surface of maxillary incisor 

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¨CLASS II:Lesion on proximal surface of posterior teeth

¨CLASS III :Lesion on proximal surface of anterior teeth that do not involve incisal edge

¨CLASS IV :Lesion on proximal surface of anterior involving  incisal edge

¨CLASS V :Lesion on gingival third of facial or lingual of all teeth

¨CLASS VI :Lesion on incisal edge of anterior teeth or occlusal cusp tip of posterior teeth 

CAVITY PREPARATION

A cavity in the  dentistry is defined as ‘a defect in enamel, detin or cementum resulting from the pathological processes, mostly  the dental caries’.Other processes such as abrasion, erosion etc.can also cause such defects    (SKIRI)

PRINCIPLES OF CAVITY PREPARATION & ITS MODIFICATIONS IN PRIMARY TEETH

INTRODUCTION

     DENTAL CARIES    

      ‘Infectious, microbiological disease  that results in localized dissolution and destruction of calcified tissues of the teeth.’ ( Sturdevant)

      Most restorative treatment was due to caries. The tooth was cavitated and was referred to as a cavity. when the affected tooth was repaired, the cutting or preparation of the remaining tooth structure was referred to as cavity preparation. 

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